Grade 8 Biology

Unit Outcomes

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

define biology as the study of life: list the branches of biology:

state what each of these branches of biology studies about;

indicate that all natural sciences are interrelated; describe how biological knowledge is utilized in the fields of agriculture, medicine and food science, explain the relevance of biology to the society;

give examples of technological innovations derived from biological knowledge; identify values developed in learning science to maintain a more proactive and environmentally conscious population 

Unit Outcomes

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

define microscopes; classify them into simple and compound; i

dentify their parts and tell the functions of each part;

define cell, list parts of plant and animal cells seen under a compound microscope;

tell the functions of each part and compare a plant cell with an animal cell: examine plant and animal cells Main Contents under a microscope and draw and label the structures seen under a 

Unit

Outcomes By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

describe the structure and functions of human skeleton and divide it into axia! and appendicular skeleton, list types of bones and joints, state their functions, give examples for each and demonstrate by using models;

list types of muscles, explain their structures and functions and demonstrate how they work using models, describe how muscles and the skeleton work together, describe the importance of physical exercise and proper diet for health of bones, muscles and joints;

name the different types of human teeth and relate them with their functions, define dental formula, show the dental formula of humans and compare it with that of some other animals 

Unit

Outcomes By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

tell that plants are diverse in size, type and distribution and demonstrate love and respect to plants, classify plants into flowering and nonflowering and mention mosses, ferns and gymnosperms as non-flowering plants; give examples of flowering plants. state their general characteristics and explain the structures and functions of the root, stem and leaves, identify stomata using a microscope; classify flowering plants into monocotyledons and dicotyledons, distinguish between the two, and give examples for each;

explain vegetative reproduction and give examples of flowering plants that reproduce by vegetative reproduction; draw and label the structures of a flower, state their functions and examine pollen grains and ovaries using a hand lens;

and tell the importance of pollination and the process of fertilization, state how fruits and seeds develop, state the functions of the structures of a seed and draw and label these structures. 

Unit Outcomes

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

tell that animals are diverse in size, type and distribution, demonstrate love and respect to them and explain why insects are the most diverse group of animals, define metamorphosis, explain complete and incomplete metamorphosis and give examples of insects that reproduce by complete and incomplete metamorphosis;   

describe how tsetse flies, army worm and maize borer affect humans and explain the methods of controlling them, explain the characteristics specific to social insects and give examples of social insects; 

Unit Outcomes

By the end of this unit, you will be able to:

define habitat, classify habitats into terrestrial and aquatic and give example for each; define population and community and give examples for each;

identify smaller habitats in your surroundings, examine organisms that dwell in them and write a report on your findings, use quadrats to estimate distribution of organisms in a given habitat, demonstrate methods of collecting and preserving plant and animal specimens and collect and preserve Main Contents plant and animal specimens, describe food chain and food web with